persian carpet price in iran
Kerman has been the birthplace of the machine persian carpet price in iran industry since the end of the 19th century. Kerman’s hand-woven and knotted carpets have attracted the attention of art historians and collectors
In terms of the quality of the materials and their workmanship, distinct ranges of attractive and stylish designs and models, and the use of lively and refreshing colors, which are made and the art of the dyer, have been noted
Since Carpet weaving is done in Kerman, it has been influenced by many things, many of which are outside Kerman
However, luxurious weaving has long been practiced throughout Kerman in urban areas, villages and tribes alike, as the famous trade and export of shawls took place in this province in the 18th and 19th centuries
Getting to know handwoven Persian carpet
The rapid commercialization of the Kerman persian carpet price in iran industry in the 1890s was possible with a large team of skilled weavers and access to suitable material inputs. Kerman has access to local wool (cork), the participation of a large team of experienced weavers and a group of dyeing masters who together provide the distinctive features of Kerman carpets
Despite the idea that most people have about the very high age of Kerman’s machine-made silk carpet industry, there is little evidence about carpet weaving in the Safavid period
The obscurity of the origin of the Kerman carpet is partly due to the perishable nature of the material. There are no specific primary sources about weaving or fabric production that can be related to a specific handiwork
The first reference to carpets with symmetrical knots (Turkish texture) only after the migrations of Ozez Turks in the sources indicates that this art and craft may have been imported by Turkish immigrants from Asia around the 10th or 11th century (Wallaf, p. 213-213, carpets)
Handwoven carpet in terms of dimensions
Other sources emphasize that the art of persian carpet price in iran weaving is Persian and refer to the discovery of a carpet from the 5th century BC in a Scythian tomb in the Altai Mountains of Central Asia
But it is certain that during the Seljuk era, carpets were produced in the plateau of Iran, because pieces of it miraculously survived. However, it is not clear whether this art and craft was really practical in Kerman at that time
When Marco Polo passed through Kerman May in the 13th century and recorded the economic activities of its inhabitants, he only mentioned needlework and leather embroidery, not carpet weaving (Marco Polo, p. 219)
It is only in the Safavid period that we have found specific sources related to carpet production in Kerman after Shah Abbas I, who set up a royal workshop there (Chardin, Vol. IV, p. 154; Kaempfer, p. 202)
However, it is obvious that pictorial carpet weaving in Kerman during the Safavid period was a relatively small economy within the framework of a completely agrarian regional economy with limited long-distance commercial connections, especially in handicraft goods
Art historians strongly differentiate between “urban” and “tribal” carpets. Kerman carpets are generally only related to products that are produced in Kerman city or villages near the city and under the supervision of great and skilled urban weavers and merchants
Urban and tribal productions mostly contain the same materials and differ only in terms of technique and style
Types of carpet price in iran design
Kerman persian carpet price in iran are woven with vertical warps and beaten using an iron comb. Urban workshops had access to maps with curved designs and intricate details, which were sometimes drawn by designers in full size on paper and After that they were recited orally to the weavers (Edwards, pp. 24-27)
On the other hand, rural and tribal carpets were usually woven in horizontal looms and laid on the ground. In this type of dar, instead of two vertical beams, two short shafts are installed parallel to each other with a suitable distance only in the form of sardar and zidar, so that the challahs and the woven carpet remain fixed with some distance from the ground (Ewards, p. 22)
In this type of practice, it was impossible for tribal weavers to use anything but rectangular patterns for geometric designs, which nevertheless created beautiful and impressive designs
The “Turkish” knot is commonly used in tribal handmade carpet production, while the “Persian” knot (senneh) is used almost exclusively among urban weavers
Kerman’s Afshari tribal carpets gained world fame and their methods and styles were so influential on rural and tribal production in other places that until the end of the 20th century, many tribal carpets from the Kerman region were simply known as “Afshari” carpets. became, regardless of who actually produced them (Stuber, p. 256)
Throughout Iran, persian carpet price in iran production methods are very similar. One of the most important features of Kerman carpets is the high quality of consumables. Most Kerman carpets are woven with a type of wool (fluff) that is unique and comparable to the best products even from Kashmir
persian carpet price in iran hunting ground plan
Oriental merchants of the India Company during the Safavid period continuously exported cotton from Kerman to supply weavers in England, while Chinese wool, sorting, cleaning, spinning and dyeing was done locally
The dyeing materials that were usually used in Kerman include indigo, red seed, runas, walnut, pomegranate, hair leaves, straw, and henna, which was able to produce different types of colors that were rarely seen throughout Iran (Edwards/ p. 210)
After the post-Safavid decline of the wool trade in the 18th century, Kerman’s fine wool was used instead to support a local shawl-weaving sector within it, which later became an important handicraft of the region (Dillon, p. 259- 261). Shawl was the main non-agricultural export of Kerman until the late 19th century and its production is clearly recorded in the works of countless European travelers during the Qajar period
In 1850, Keith Abbott reported that “shawls and other woolen cloths are of little interest in this town”, he estimated that there were 2,450 looms in the town, capable of producing 4,500 men and boys. The city of Kerman is working, in addition to this, 352 other cases have been seen in nearby villages, most of them have produced woolen shawls for export (Abbott, pp. 83-84)
carpet in iran Floral designs
The persian carpet price in iran shawl market began to decline in competition with Kashmir in the late 19th century, just as interest in oriental rugs was developing in Europe
This demand first took shape at the great international exhibitions of the late 19th century (Kurzman, p. 142). After the 1873 World Exhibition in Vienna, dealers began to purchase large quantities of available carpets through Istanbul and Tabriz agents, and it was not long before They bought many old and old carpets available in the open market all over Iran (Helfgat, pp. 15-16)
When the old Handicrafts disappeared from the markets, entrepreneurs invested a lot in the production of new carpets, especially for export, to meet the demands of the upper and middle classes of Europe
This process first started in the north of Iran, especially with Ziegler’s extensive company in Sultanabad (modern Arāk). Kerman was almost too late to commercialize its industries (Etig, 1992)
In late 1894, when JR Preece visited the town to investigate its economic prospects, he found only 100 active carpet factories, nearly half of which were run by six master weavers
The commercialization of Kerman’s carpet industry from the 1890s onwards played a vital role in increasing the province’s integration with global economic structures
In 1895 and 1896, famously wealthy works in Kerman, many of whom had recently made their fortunes by cashing cotton and opium, began investing heavily in carpet production as demand for Iranian carpets abroad boomed. took
persian carpet in iran Inscriptions
While the commercialization of the Kerman persian carpet price in iran industry was certainly influenced by this foreign demand, this process itself was carried out by Kermani investors and merchants (Gustafson pp. 202-205 and Saif p. 208)
Yahya Ahmadi points out that the carpet trade had become so widespread that the governors of Kerman invested in carpet production to supplement their income and therefore tried to improve the trade (Ahmadi, p. 158)
According to British trade statistics from the Kerman Consulate, carpet exports increased from 3,000 pounds in 1894-1895 to about 120,000 pounds by 1902 (Sick 1896 and idem 1903)
After nearly a decade of steady growth, the carpet industry suddenly collapsed in 1904, due to the influx of European fashions
British leaders attributed this to overproduction, the use of poor-quality aniline dyes, and the introduction of “semi-European patterns,” such as the Frankish warriors ridiculed by British consul Percy Sykes (Sick 1896 and idem 1906)
These evidences indicate a rapid increase in the urban population related to the boom in carpet production and the subsequent split in 1904. Nazim al-Islam Kermani (I, p. 315) mentioned a population of about 10,000 people who participated in urban factional riots in Kerman. Is
It is likely that a large number of carpet weavers were young and unemployed at the time and included the major participants as confirmed in the notes of British observers
Only after this temporary lull did the Europeans begin to set up carpet manufacturing businesses directly, just as they had done in persian carpet price in iran and other parts of Iran
carpet in iran Underground plan
Although the Kerman persian carpet price in iran represents a specific regional style, the industry has continuously evolved since the time of trade along with production and consumption patterns. Kerman carpet is primarily considered a luxury and export product, and its transformation is a clear effect of British and American demands
After the market depression during World War II, there was a simultaneous sudden shift between French-inspired floral designs and a return to acceptance of carpet weaving monopoly for Iran
Until the 1950s, various measures to reduce costs affected the Kerman carpet weaving industry, such as the introduction of the twin knot. For example, the use of less wool and subsequently the reduction of product durability and the use of artificial colors appeared in Iran, although this is less noticeable in Kerman
Many investors have established regional handwoven carpet cooperatives, which are very important in maintaining weaving in the face of global competition. Carpet is one of the main non-oil and non-industrial exports of Iran, and Kerman still plays a major role in this matter